PREFACE
It gives us great pleasure to release the monthly edition of the PRAVAHINI – Monthly e-Compendium & Weekly e-Periodicals of Current Affairs. The magazine’s members have shown considerable cooperation as well as devotion. We at successmantra.in work tirelessly to create this magazine and bring it to you with a great sense of gratitude.
The PRAVAHINI October-2022 eBook covers the current events that happened in the month of October. Current Affairs is a crucial component of any competitive exams including CLAT, AILET, DU-LLB, HM, CAT, IAS, PCS, SSC, CUET, Banking, MBA and various other competitive examinations.
Current Affairs play the bigger role in many competitive and government exams. It holds the power of making or breaking your chance of success. Therefore, the candidates should cover the Current Affairs thoroughly and smartly.
The PRAVAHINI October-2022 eBook is divided into different sections keeping in mind the need of various exams. The sections covered namely International, National, Economy, Ecology and Environment, Science & Technology, Legal Affairs, Sports, States News Makers and few others.
We would also be pleased to receive any suggestion that could assist us with the upcoming editions.
Success Mantra (GTB Nagar, Delhi)
Website: www.successmantra.in
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
- National Affairs
- International Affairs
- Economic Affairs
- Appointments
- Important Dates
- Sports
- Reports And Indexes
- Science & Technology
- Miscellaneous
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
PM MODI LAUNCHED VANDE BHARAT 2.0
Prime Minister Modi launched the new and upgraded version of Vande Bharat Express between Gandhinagar and Mumbai.
The latest version has cost over Rs 115 crore – Rs 15 crore higher than the previous version.
The new train can reach the maximum speed of 160 km per hour in 129 seconds, around 16 seconds faster than the other Vande Bharat trains. It needs to run almost a km less to reach the maximum speed.
It weighs just around 392 tonnes, 38 tonnes lighter than the previous version.
ROLLOUT OF 5G SERVICES IN INDIA
The 5G telephony service was rolled out by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the 6th Edition of India Mobile Congress 2022 organized at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi.
Important metro cities like Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata will be first to receive the 5G service. Reliance Jio is planning the rollout by Diwali. The rest of the country will receive the next generation network by December 2023.
What is 5G?
The 5th generation mobile network (5G) is a global wireless standard that provides 10 times faster internet speed than 4G network. It provides a maximum data speed of 20 Gbps per second or more than 100Mbps per second. This ensures high data rate, reliable communication and low latency (minimum delay).
It will help connect billions of IoT devices, improve the quality of streaming and improve important services such as telesurgery and autonomous cars. It will enable real-time monitoring of disasters, improve precision agriculture, and automate hazardous industrial operations like offshore and deep mining.
REVIVAL OF SUKAPAIKA RIVER
The NGT has directed the state government of Odisha to revive Sukapaika River within 6 months.
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has instructed the Odisha government to revive Sukapaika River, a distributary of Mahanadi River. It has directed the state government to create a dedicated fund for this river’s revival.
The tribunal also directed the Odisha government to make budgetary allocation of Rs.49.67 crore to rejuvenate the river within one month and complete the whole river revival project by March 13, 2023.
NGT alleged that the Sukapaika river in Cuttack district became dead because of the closure of its mouth in the 1950s.
Sukapaika River originates from Ayathur Village in Cuttack district and flows some 40 km before rejoining the Mahanadi River in Tarapur in the same district.
WORLD'S FIRST CNG TERMINAL
Prime Minister Modi laid the foundation stone for the world’s first CNG terminal in Gujarat.
The world’s first compressed natural gas (CNG) terminal will be set up close to Gujarat’s Bhavnagar port. The terminal will be built by a private consortium of Mumbai-based Padmanabhan Mafatlal Group and the UK’s Foresight Group.
This large terminal can handle 1.5 million metric tonnes each year. The project will be supported by the Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB), which is currently managing the Bhavnagar Port.
It is being implemented using a public-private-partnership approach.
Besides the CNG terminal, the private consortium will equip the Bhavnagar Port with additional facilities like ultra-modern container terminal, multipurpose terminal (LPG and Chemical), a Ro-Ro (roll-on/roll-off) terminal for cargo ships that can load and unload wheeled objects such as trolleys and cars, and a liquid cargo terminal.
TELECOM TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FUND (TTDF)
Recently, the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) launched the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) Scheme.
Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) is a body under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) to fund rural and remote digital connectivity.
The Centre in the draft telecom bill, 2022 has said that the USOF, created under the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885, shall be referred to as the “Telecommunication Development Fund”.
What is the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) Scheme?
TTDF aims to fund R&D in rural-specific communication technology applications and form synergies among academia, start-ups, research institutes, and the industry to build and develop the telecom ecosystem.
The scheme aims to promote technology ownership and indigenous manufacturing, create a culture of technology co-innovation, reduce imports, boost export opportunities and creation of Intellectual Property.
WORLD'S LARGEST WIND-SOLAR POWER PLANT
Adani Green Energy Ltd (AGEL) has commissioned the world’s largest wind-solar power plant of 600 MV capacities in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. The plant has a power purchase agreement with Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) at Rs 2.69/kWh for 25 years.
In May 2022, AGEL operationalized India’s first hybrid power plant with a capacity of 390 MW in Jaisalmer.
The commencement of the 600 MW plant AGEL has a total operational generation capacity of 6.7 GW. This includes an operational hydropower generation capacity of 1 GW, the largest in the world.
AGEL’s total renewable portfolio goes up to 20.4 GW to reach its vision of 45 GW capacity by 2030.
About Adani Green Energy
Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL) is an Indian renewable energy company headquartered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
It is owned by Indian conglomerate Adani Group. The company operates the Kamuthi Solar Power Project which is one of the largest solar photovoltaic plants in the world.
PAHARI COMMUNITY IN J&K GETS ST STATUS
Union Home Minister Amit Shah announces that Pahari Community in Jammu and Kashmir will get a Scheduled Tribe (ST) status and political reservations before Assembly elections.
The abolition of Articles 370 and 35A in August 2019 paved the way for providing reservations to deprived sections of Jammu and Kashmir.
Key Points related to Announcement of ST status in J&K
The ST quota in J&K carries 7% spots in government jobs and educational institutions. The Gujjars and Bakerwals community were getting ST benefits since 1991.
The Paharis were given a 4 percent quota in the OBC category from January 2020. The Centre formed the Justice Sharma Commission in March 2020, however it seemed to upset the Gujjars and Bakerwals.
There were also protests performed by the Gujjars and Bakerwals in Jammu and Kashmir regarding the implementation of Status to Paharis.
5TH ASSEMBLY OF ISA TO BE HELD IN NEW DELHI
The curtain raiser for the 5th Assembly of International Solar Alliance and associated side activities, which will take place in New Delhi from October 17–20, 2022, was unveiled by Union Minister for Power and New and Renewable Energy RK Singh.
According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, India currently holds the position of President of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly.
The International Solar Alliance is very necessary to achieve the energy transition objective for our planet.
As the cheapest form of energy, solar and mini-grids, according to the Minister, is the solution to ensuring that everyone in the globe has access to electricity.
In addition, the Minister stated in his speech that the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a crucial tool for fulfilling international commitments on the energy transition.
PRESIDENT OF INDIA LAUNCHED HERSTART INITIATIVE
herSTART was recently launched by President of India, Draupadi Murmu.
herSTART is an initiative implemented by the Gujarat University Startup and Entrepreneurship Council (GUSEC). It is supported by the state government of Gujarat, the Central Government and the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF).
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) recognized it as a key driving initiative of the Gujarat Startup Ecosystem in the States Startup Rankings Framework Report of 2022.
The purpose of herSTART is to aid women-led startups to scale up. It will connect women-led startups with private and government platforms. The newly launched platform will also help women entrepreneurs’ innovative ideas to take off.
SP FOUNDER MULAYAM SINGH YADAV PASSED AWAY
Mulayam Singh Yadav, the Samajwadi Party (SP) founder and former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, passed away on October 10 at a Gurugram private hospital.
Akhilesh Yadav, who is currently in charge of the SP and was previously the chief minister of UP, is Yadav’s successor.
Mulayam Singh Yadav Political Career
In 1967, Mulayam Singh Yadav was elected to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time. In 1989, Yadav won the first election for Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. In 1992, he established the Samajwadi Party.
Mulayam Singh Yadav represented the Uttar Pradesh district of Mainpuri as a member of parliament. He had held the position three times, from 1989 to 1991, 1993 to 1995, and 2003 to 2007.
From 1996 until 1998, he served as the Union’s Minister of Defense. Mulayam Singh Yadav had won seven elections to the Lok Sabha and 10 to the Uttar Pradesh (UP) legislative assembly.
REVISED BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO SCHEME
The Central Government, expanding the mandate of its flagship scheme - ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' (BBBP Scheme) announced the inclusion of skilling of girls in non-traditional livelihood (NTL) options.
At the national conference on skilling in non-traditional livelihoods for girls, Ministries of Women and Child Development (MWCD) emphasises the importance of convergence between various departments for providing quality education to empower girls.
What is the BBBP Scheme?
The Scheme was launched by Prime Minister on January 22, 2015 to addresses the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and related issues of women’s empowerment over a life-cycle continuum.
It is a Tri-ministerial effort of the Ministries of Women and Child Development (MW&CD), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MH&FW), and Ministry of Education.
Main Objectives:
Prevention of gender-based sex-selective elimination.
Ensuring survival & protection of the girl child.
Ensuring education and participation of the girl child.
Protecting rights of Girl children.
INDIAN GOVT. LAUNCHED TELE-MANAS INITIATIVE
On the occasion of World Mental Health Day (October 10, 2022), the Indian Government launched the Tele-MANAS initiative.
Launched by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Tele Mental Health Assistance and Networking across States (Tele-MANAS) initiative is a round-the-clock mental health service that aims to increase access to mental healthcare across India.
The Tele-MANAS will boost access to mental healthcare across the country by providing a nationwide network offering counselling, consultation with specialists and e-prescriptions.
It aims to make mental healthcare services accessible to even the remotest and difficult-to-reach terrains in the country.
The initiative was first announced by the Central Government during the 2022-23 Budget, while acknowledging that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the mental health crisis in India.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
INDIA-ARMENIA DEFENCE EXPORT DEAL
India has inked a defence export deal with Armenia, which is facing threat from border tensions from Azerbaijan.
Military equipment like missiles, rockets and ammunition will be exported by India to Armenia under the newly signed export contract.
The export order includes six additional first-ever exports of indigenous Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers, anti-tank rockets and ammunition.
The estimated value of this contract is over Rs.2,000 crore. This comes amid the rising border tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan The latter has close diplomatic and military ties with Pakistan and Turkiye.
Over the years, despite the physical distance, indirect links have arisen between Armenia-Azerbaijan and India-Pakistan. Azerbaijan had used Turkish drones at the war with Armenia and is currently in talks with Pakistan to procure JF-17 fighter aircraft.
In 2017, Turkiye, Pakistan and Azerbaijan signed a Trilateral Ministers Agreement to promote defence cooperation and strengthen the existing bilateral military assistance arrangements.
RUSSIA ANNEXED FOUR TERRITORY OF UKRAINE
Russian President Vladimir Putin presided over a ceremony to formally annex four Ukrainian regions.
Eight years following the Russian annexation of Crimea, Moscow has captured four more Ukrainian territories – Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions.
Earlier, Russia organized a referendum on Russia’s administration of these regions. Kremlin claimed that residents of these regions overwhelmingly supported their regions formally becoming part of Russia. These referendums are considered by the West as illegal and rigged and were orchestrated by the Russian Government.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed “accession treaties” to formalize these annexations at a ceremony in Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow in the presence of Russia’s political elites.
US PACIFIC ISALND COUNTRY SUMMIT
Recently, the US President hosted the first-ever U.S.- Pacific Island Country Summit in Washington, D.C, and announced USD 810 million in funding for Pacific Islands.
What were the Key Highlights of the Summit?
Expand US Presence: The announced USD 600 million will be in the form of a 10-year package to clean up and develop dirty waters to support the tuna industry, which will also expand climate and development aid and its diplomatic presence.
Countering China’s Aggressive Policy: China had made inroads in the strategic but sparsely populated region by asserting itself strongly in recent years in the pacific islands through investment, police training and, most controversially, a security pact with the Solomon Islands.
What are Pacific Island Countries?
The Pacific Island Countries are a cluster of 14 states which are located largely in the tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean between Asia, Australia and the Americas.
They include Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Republic of Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
ANNUAL TRADE & DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2022
The UNCTAD has released its annual Trade and Development Report 2022.
The UN report expects the world economy to grow 2.6% in 2022. This is 0.9 percentage points below last year’s projected rate.
The growth is expected to further decelerate in 2023 to 2.2%. This would leave the real GDP below the pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2023.
The advanced economies’ monetary and fiscal policies risk triggering a global recession and prolonging stagnation. This could lead to a situation worse than the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 COVID-19 induced shock.
The report holds that attempting to curb inflation by increasing interest rates is an impudent gamble and would lead to a recession.
APPOINTMENTS
R VENKATARAMANI AS NEW ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIA
R Venkataramani, a senior advocate in the Supreme Court, has been appointed as the Attorney General of India for a period of three years.
R Venkataramani is a lawyer having an experience of 42 years of practice in the apex court of India. He enrolled in the Bar Council of Tamil Nadu in 1977 and joined the chambers of PP Rao, Senior Advocate, Supreme Court in 1979.
In 1982, he had set up an independent practice in the Supreme Court and was designated as Senior Advocate of the SC in 1997.
AWARDS
NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 2022
Carolyn R Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K Barry Sharpless have been awarded the Nobel Prize 2022 in Chemistry “for the development of Click Chemistry and Bioorthogonal Chemistry”.
Sharpless (won second time) came up with the term ‘click chemistry’ and worked extensively on it. Meldal, independently of Sharpless, came up with a special chemical structure called ‘triazole’ which has many significant applications.
Bertozzi took the next step of developing click reactions that could work inside living organisms — ‘bioorthogonal’ reactions (a term she coined).
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Benjamin List and David MacMillan for the development of
asymmetric organocatalysis.
Note: K Barry Sharpless shared the 2001 Nobel Prize with William S. Knowles and Noyori Ryōji for “Developing the First Chiral Catalysts”.
NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE 2022
The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2022 is awarded to the French author Annie Ernaux “for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory” at the Swedish Academy in Stockholm.
The writer is known for works that blur the line between memoir and fiction.
The French author believes in the liberating force of writing. Her work is uncompromising and written in plain language, scraped clean.
With great courage and clinical acuity, Annie Ernaux reveals the agony of the experience of class, describing shame, humiliation, jealousy or inability to see who you are, she has achieved something admirable and enduring.
Annie Ernaux was born in 1940 and grew up in the small town of Yvetot in Normandy.
Ernaux, 82, has seen a sharp increase in popularity in the English-speaking world since 2019, after her seminal work ‘The Years’, translated by Alison L Strayer, was shortlisted for the Man Booker international prize.
Her book on her illegal abortion in the 1960s, ‘Happening’ (first published in 2001) has also been in the limelight after abortion rights were curtailed in the US.
They present uncompromising portraits of sexual encounters, abortion, illness and the deaths of her parents. Ernaux describes her style as “flat writing” (ecriture plate), a very objective view of the events she is describing, unshaped by florid description or overwhelming emotions.
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2022
The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2022 was awarded to John F. Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger for their work in quantum mechanics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
In 2021, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann (jointly) for their research on climate models and to Giorgio Parisi for his work on the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems.
What is Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Entanglement?
Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the movement and interaction of various bodies. Mechanics has two parts - classical and quantum.
Classical or Newtonian mechanics is the mathematical study of the motion of macroscopic objects and the forces that affect them.
Quantum mechanics is a subfield of physics that describes the behavior of particles — atoms, electrons, photons and almost everything in the molecular and sub molecular realm.
One important difference in the behaviour of quantum systems, when compared to classical rigid bodies, is the concept of entanglement.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon by which a pair of subatomic particles are allowed to exist in a shared state where they have complementary properties, such that by measuring the properties of one particle, one can automatically know the properties of the other particle.
This is true regardless of how far apart the two particles are transported. Quantum entanglement was first elucidated by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, leading to his well-known cat paradox.
NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES 2022
This year, the Nobel Prize for Economics was conferred to Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig.
The 2022 Nobel Prize for Economics recognized the works that have significantly improved the world’s understanding of the role of banks in the economy, especially during the times of financial crises.
The research by Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig found why it is important to prevent the collapse of banks. A research by Dybvig and Diamond provided recommendations to prevent the collapse of the banks.
Banks are involved in the combination of activities of offering long-term loans to borrowers and accepting deposits and allowing their access to concerned clients.
The combination of these activities are making banks vulnerable to rumours of their imminent collapse, leading to rapid withdrawal from savings accounts and the ultimate collapse of the banks.
Dybvig and Diamond recommended that this worst-case scenario can be prevented if the government provides deposit insurance and acts as a last resort lender to the banks.
Diamond’s research showed how the banks can assess borrowers’ creditworthiness and ensure that the loans are used for worthy investments.
Ben Bernanke analysed the Great Depression that happened in the 1930s. His research showed how the banks played a major role in exacerbating and prolonging the Great Depression – the worst economic crisis in modern history.
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2022
Ales Bialiatski, a human rights defender from Belarus who is now incarcerated, Memorial, a Russian human rights organisation, and Center for Civil Liberties, a Ukrainian human rights organisation, have all been jointly given this year’s Nobel Peace Prize 2022.
The Russian human rights organisation Memorial is one of the two organisations to receive this year’s Nobel Peace Prize.
The Memorial was ordered to close down during a wave of repression against critical voices and refers to it as “the conscience of Russia prohibited under Putin.”
During a time of unrest in Ukraine, the Center for Civil Liberties was established in 2007 to advance democracy and human rights there.
GLOBAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SUMMIT & AWARDS
The Union Minister of Commerce and Industry addressed the 3rd edition of Global Artificial Intelligence Summit & Awards (GAISA), and articulated that Artificial Intelligence can help India be a developed nation by 2047.
What is GAISA?
The third AI Summit has been organized by AICRA (All India Council For Robotics & Automation) and is focusing on the areas of defence, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, mobility and education in partnership with the government.
AICRA sets up standards in the robotics & automation and education industry, helping organizations and professionals to solve difficult technical problems, while enhancing their leadership and personal career capabilities.
24X7 focuses on the prominence of AI in human lives & business industries. The aim is to develop a roadmap on how to use the AI ecosystem and startups for the benefit of society.
ANGELA MERKEL RECEIVED NANSEN REFUGEE AWARD
Ex-German Chancellor Angela Merkel received the UNHCR Nansen Award for providing asylum for refugees while in office.
While Merkel was the Chancellor in 2015 and 2016, Germany welcomed more than 1.2 million refugees and asylum seekers, especially from Syria.
The UNHCR recognized Merkel’s determination to protect asylum seekers, helping them to survive and rebuild after facing war.
SWACHH SURVEKSHAN 2022 RANKINGS
The Swachh Survekshan 2022 rankings have been released. This year’s edition covered 4,354 cities across India.
The Swachh Survekshan is a list of India’s cleanest cities released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
This initiative was started in 2016 to encourage urban sanitation. It is the largest urban cleanliness and sanitation survey in the world.
The cities are assessed based on 3 parameters- service level progress (worth 3,000 marks), certification (worth 2,250 marks) and citizens’ voice (worth another 2,250 marks). This adds to a total of 7,500 marks.
The 2022 edition listed Indore as the cleanest city (with more than 1 lakh population)- marking the 6th time the city of lakes and palaces topped the Swachh Survekshan list. Following Indore, Surat (2nd spot for 2nd consecutive year) and Navi Mumbai were named as the 2nd and 3rd cleanest cities respectively.
Indore has become India’s 1st 7 star Garbage Free city. The title of 5 star Garbage Free city was conferred to Surat, Bhopal, Mysuru, Visakhapatnam, Navi Mumbai and Tirupati.
Among cities with less than 1 lakh population, the list was topped by Panchgani in Maharashtra, followed by Patan (NP) in Chhattisgarh and Karhad in Maharashtra.
SPORTS
36TH NATIONAL GAMES IN AHMEDABAD
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated the 36th National Games in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The 2022 National Games of India will be held from September 29 to October 12 this year.
L known as Gujarat 2022, it will be organized in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot and Bhavnagar.
The event will include sports such as athletics, field hockey, football, volleyball, table tennis, skateboarding, kabaddi, mallakhamb etc.
The two new UTs – Ladakh and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu – will make their debut at the National Games this year. The last edition of these games was held in Kerala in 2015.
IMPORTANT DATES & DAYS
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF OLDER PERSONS
The International Day of Older Persons is observed on October 1 every year across the world. The International Day of Older Persons is observed annually to honor the contributions of elderly people and look into the issues faced by them.
The theme for this year’s International Day of Older Persons is “Resilience of Older Persons in a Changing World.” It recognizes the resilience of older people while facing crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, worsening climate crisis, conflicts and increasing poverty.
WORLD TEACHERS DAY OBSERVED ON 5TH OCTOBER
World Teachers’ Day or International Teachers’ Day is observed every year on October 5. This is a day to celebrate, thank and honour teachers for their contributions to their students.
On this day, many also come together and organise meetings, conferences and such to identify problems being faced by teachers of the country as well as globally and find solutions to those issues.
This year marks the 28th anniversary of World Teachers’ Day and the theme is “The Transformation of Education Begins with Teachers”.
WORLD SPACE WEEK OBSERVED FROM 4TH TO 10TH OCT.
World Space Week is observed from October 4 to 10 every year.
World Space Week is observed to create awareness about space activities, inspire the next generation to contribute to those activities and promote international cooperation in space outreach and education.
“Space and Sustainability” is the theme for this year’s World Space Week. Its aim is to achieve sustainability in and from space.
It focuses on how sustainability in space relates to how humanity uses space, especially the orbital area around the Earth.
IAF CELEBRATES ITS RAISING DAY ON OCTOBER 8TH
The Indian Air Force was raised on October 8, 1932, and it is completing 90 years today. The day and its observance is a matter of pride for Indians and inspire a patriotic zeal among the citizenry for the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces.
The President of India is the Commander-in-chief of the IAF. This time Air Force Day flypast is scheduled to take place over Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh this afternoon.
The Indian Air Force was officially established on 8 October 1932 by the British Empire as the Royal Indian Air Force. The name was changed to Indian Air Force in 1950.
This time 75 aircrafts will participate in the flypast, while 9 aircrafts will be kept on standby mode.
The light combat helicopter LCH which was recently inducted in the IAF will also showcase its air capabilities in the sky at Sukhna lake. Tejas, Sukhoi, MIG -29, Jaguar, Rafale, and Hawk will also be part of fly past.
INDIAN FOREIGN SERVICES (IFS) DAY
Every year, Indian Foreign Service (IFS) Day is celebrated on 9th October.
Why is Indian Foreign Service (IFS) Day Celebrated?
Indian Foreign Service Day is celebrated to commemorate the day the Indian Cabinet created the Foreign Service.
Origin: The Indian government established the Indian Foreign Service for India's diplomatic, consular and commercial representation overseas on 9th October 1946.
With independence, there was a near-complete transition of the Foreign and Political Department into what then became the new Ministry of External Affairs.
The origin of the Indian Foreign Service can be traced back to British rule when the Foreign Department was created to conduct business with the "Foreign European Powers".
Offices under IFS: Ambassador, High Commissioner, Consul General, Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations and Foreign Secretary are some of the offices held by the members of the Indian Foreign Service.
WORLD POST DAY CELEBRATED ON 9TH OCTOBER
World Post Day is celebrated each year on 9 October, the anniversary of the establishment of the Universal Postal Union in 1874 in the Swiss Capital, Bern.
This day celebrates the role of the post in people’s and businesses’ everyday lives. It was declared World Post Day by the UPU Congress held in Tokyo, Japan in 1969.
Since then, countries across the world participate annually in the celebrations. The Posts in many countries use the event to introduce or promote new postal products and services.
The theme for World Post Day 2022 is ‘Post for Planet’. The Post is the world’s largest logistics network. Every year, more than 150 countries celebrate World Post Day in a variety of ways. In certain countries, World Post Day is observed as a working holiday.
WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY: 10TH OCTOBER
World Mental Health Day is observed on October 10 to raise global awareness about mental health problems across the world.
World Mental Health Day is observed every year to increase international awareness about mental health and related issues.
The World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) sets a unique theme for this day every year. The theme for this year is “Make mental health and well-being for all a global priority”.
It aims to raise general awareness about mental well-being by providing opportunities for people suffering from mental health issues to collectively voice the requirements to make mental health and well-being a global priority for all.
REPORTS & INDEXES
GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2022
The Global Innovation Index 2022 was released recently by World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Switzerland topped the Global Innovation Index for the 12th consecutive year. It leads the world in innovation outputs and specifically in patents by origin, software spending, high-tech manufacturing and production as well as export complexity.
The second position was held by the United States, followed by Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
The ranking of the most innovative economies takes into consideration infrastructure and technology outputs, human and capital research, business sophistication etc. India has climbed 6 positions to 40th rank in the GII due to improvements in several parameters.
INDIAN TOURISM STATISTICS 2022 REPORT
The Indian Tourism Statistics 2022 report was released by the Vice President of India Jagdeep Dhankhar on the occasion of World Tourism Day (September 27, 2022).
The union tourism ministry’s report revealed that Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu witnessed the highest number of visits by foreign tourists in 2021.
India witnessed 677.63 million domestic tourist visits in 2021. This is a 11.05 per cent increase from 2020’s figures.
Taj Mahal, Red Fort and Qutub Minar are the top 3 most visited sites in India in 2021-22.
Taj Mahal reported 3.29 million visits or 12.65 per cent of total footfall in 2021-22 from domestic visitors.
INDIA EMERGED AS LARGEST PRODUCER OF SUGAR
India has emerged as the largest producer and consumer of sugar in the world and the second largest exporter.
During the sugar season in India, over 5,000 lakh metric tons (LMT) of sugarcane was produced out of which about 3,574 LMT was crushed by Sugar Mills to produce about 349 LMT of Sugar. 35 LMT of Sugar is diverted to ethanol production and 359 LMT of sugar was produced in sugar mills.
During this season all records of sugarcane production, sugar production, sugar export, cane dues paid and ethanol production were made.
In 2020-21, India made records with the highest exports of about 109.8 LMT with no financial assistance. The sugar exports from India earned foreign currency of about Rs 40,000 crore for the country.
EDUCATION 4.0 REPORT RELEASED BY WEF
Titled Education 4.0 Report’, the report explains how technology can address learning gaps and make education accessible to all.
The information was published under Education 4.0 India initiative, launched in May 2020 and has convened over 40 partners from the education technology, government, academic and start-up communities.
About The Education Market: India is the second largest market for online education after the US. With conducive policies and initiatives of the government, such as the National Education Policy 2020 and over 5000 EdTech start-ups across the learning lifecycle, the current education environment is potent for digital transformation.
India Specific Data: India has more than 60 million secondary and higher secondary students, but 85 per cent of schools are yet to implement vocational courses as part of their curriculum. School-to-work (S2W) transition refers to making students job-ready in a rapidly evolving employment landscape.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
USE OF NANOMATERIALS TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENT ISSUES
The use of modern technology like nanomaterials or Carbon Dots (CD) may offer solutions to environmental issues like water pollution.
The urban development of modern society has resulted in the introduction of harmful and toxic pollutants into water bodies, disturbing the integrity of the aquatic environment.
Novel technological developments like nanotechnology provide innovative solutions for sustainable and efficient environmental cleanup.
What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the use and the development of techniques to study physical phenomena and develop new material and devices structures in the physical size range from 1 to 100 nanometres (nm).
Nanotechnology influences almost all areas of our lives, including manufacturing, electronics, computers and information technologies, medicine, the environment and energy storage, chemical and biological technologies and agriculture.
HUMANOID ROBOT 'OPTIMUS' DEVELOPED BY TESLA
Tesla CEO Elon Musk recently unveiled the latest prototype of Optimus – a humanoid robot developed by the American company based in Texas.
The prototype of Optimus was showcased during the annual Tesla AI [artificial intelligence] Day presentation. The humanoid robot demonstrated the ability to perform simple tasks like watering plants, carrying boxes and lifting metal bars.
Its purpose is to replace human tasks with machines. This robot shares some of the artificial intelligence software and sensors with the Tesla cars’ autopilot driver assistance features.
The mass production of these robots will cost less than 20,000 USD. The design of the robot mimics human anatomy, with five independently moving fingers capable of grasping adaptively with high precision.
This enables it to use tools in an accurate manner.
IAF INDUCTED MULTI-ROLE LCH: PRACHANDA
Recently, the Indian Air Force formally inducted the indigenously developed multi-role Light Combat Helicopter (LCH), Prachanda which is suitable for operating in high-altitude battlefields.
What is a Light Combat Helicopter?
The LCH is the only attack helicopter in the world which can land and take off at an altitude of 5,000 meters with a considerable load of weapons and fuel.
The helicopter uses radar-absorbing material to lower radar signature and has a significantly crash-proof structure and landing gear.
A pressurised cabin offers protection from Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) contingencies. The helicopter is equipped with a countermeasure dispensing system that protects it from enemy radars or infrared seekers of enemy missiles.
LCH is powered by two French-origin Shakti engines manufactured by the HAL.
MISCELLANEOUS
FOURTH TIGER RESERVE OF UTTAR PRADESH
The fourth tiger reserve has been notified by the Uttar Pradesh Government.
The state cabinet has approved the notification of Uttar Pradesh’s fourth tiger reserve in the Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary (RWS) in Chitrakoot district under the Wild life (Protection) Act of 1972.
While this wildlife sanctuary does not host tigers of its own, it is often frequented by tigers from the neighbouring Panna Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh.
Panna Tiger Reserve and the RWS are situated close to each other and the latter is an important corridor for the movement of tigers. A 2018 survey by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) revealed that Ranipur hosts three tigers.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TRIBES IN ODISHA
Encyclopedia of Tribes in Odisha was released by Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik.
With the release of the five volumes of “Encyclopedia of Tribes in Odisha”, Odisha became the first state in India to start an encyclopaedia on tribal communities and document their historic and unique traditions.
The encyclopaedia was published by Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI) and Odisha State Tribal Museum.
It has 418 research articles focusing on tribal communities, including 13 particularly vulnerable groups. This 3,800-page scholarly book came as a result of research contributions from numerous scholars and eminent anthropologists.
The purpose of this book is to preserve the rapidly changing cultural identity of tribal communities in the state.
It brings together both published and unpublished data regarding the tribes’ ethnography and development over the years, covering their past as well as the present.
SUPREME COURT ORDER ON ABORTION
The Supreme Court recently held that women, regardless of their marital status, are entitled to safe and legal abortion until 24 weeks of pregnancy.
The apex court held that any differentiation between a married or unmarried woman under abortion law was “artificial and constitutionally unsustainable”.
It held that abortion for unmarried and single woman whose pregnancies are between 20 to 24 weeks cannot be denied. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 does not allow abortion for unmarried pregnant women between 20 to 24 weeks after consensual sex.
The court held that Rule 3B of the MTP Act is unconstitutional since it deprives unmarried women the right to access safe and legal abortions after 20 weeks if they face a change in their maternal circumstances similar to married women.
INTERNATIONAL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY (IMEI)
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has made it mandatory for mobile phone manufacturers to register the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) of all handsets made in India with the Indian Counterfeited Device Restriction portal of Government of India.
The IMEI number of mobile phones imported to India will also have to be registered on the same portal of the Government prior to the import of the mobile phone into the country.
What is an IMEI Number?
The IMEI is a unique number that is used to identify a device on a mobile network. It has 15 digits and is like a phone’s unique identity.
The telecom department and the customs department work together to check and record the IMEI numbers of handsets that come into India.
Functions:
The number is used to verify the identity of a device when a user uses the Internet or places a call through it. Phones with a dual-SIM option have two IMEI numbers, one for each SIM.
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